Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 32% of all fatalities. However, individuals are not powerless against this condition; there are several proactive steps that can help mitigate the risk. In addition to embracing healthier lifestyle choices, obtaining a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score screening can help identify early indicators of heart disease, according to experts.
**Understanding the CAC Score**
The CAC score is determined through a specialized CT scan that evaluates calcium deposits in the arterial walls of the heart, explains board-certified cardiologist Dr. Robert Segal, founder of Manhattan Cardiology and co-founder of [LabFinder](https://www.labfinder.com). According to Dr. Segal, “This calcium signifies the presence of plaque that may lead to heart disease.” A higher CAC score indicates an increased amount of calcium, which correlates with a higher likelihood of experiencing a heart attack, stroke, or other cardiac issues.
A CAC score of zero suggests no coronary calcium, placing the individual at a significantly low risk for heart disease. In contrast, a score above 400 suggests a high risk level, as noted by Dr. Bradley Serwer, an interventional cardiologist and chief medical officer at VitalSolution, a company that provides cardiovascular and anesthesiology services. Dr. Serwer emphasizes, “The CAC score is obtained via a quick, low-dose CT scan. A high score indicates that you should collaborate with your doctor to lower your risk.”
The images from the scan are analyzed using specialized software, generating what is known as the “Agatston score.” Dr. Serwer elaborates, “This computer algorithm calculates the amount of calcium present and produces a numerical score.” The CAC score is considered a “non-traditional risk factor,” which may not be as commonly recognized as more standard screenings like cholesterol tests or blood pressure assessments, according to Dr. Segal. However, awareness of its significance is increasing as more research highlights its predictive value for cardiac disease.
**Interpreting the CAC Score**
The findings from the scan can empower individuals to take control of their heart health. Dr. Segal states, “It’s valuable because it aids in early identification of heart disease, even in those without symptoms. This enables proactive measures, such as lifestyle adjustments or medication, to lower risk.”
If the CAC score is zero, Dr. Segal recommends maintaining healthy habits and continuing to monitor risk factors. “A low score indicates some plaque presence; hence, lifestyle enhancements like dietary improvements, regular exercise, and cholesterol management will be beneficial,” he advises. Conversely, a high score signals the necessity for collaboration with a healthcare provider to mitigate risk, potentially involving medications like statins.
Generally, individuals with a CAC score of zero may not require repeat testing for five years, according to Dr. Serwer. For those with elevated scores, there is limited data on the benefits of repeated testing, and consultations with a trained cardiologist are crucial to determine the need for further evaluations.
**Comprehensive Risk Assessment**
The CAC test is best utilized alongside other risk factors, such as cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and diabetes status, to identify individuals who require intensive medical intervention for primary heart disease prevention. “Early identification of those at greater risk for heart attacks allows us to initiate effective treatments to avert serious outcomes,” asserts Dr. Serwer. While the test alone doesn’t guarantee longer life, it plays an essential role in determining the urgency of treatment needs.
**Potential Risks and Limitations of the CAC Test**
In terms of safety, Dr. Segal likens the CAC scan to a mammogram; it’s a quick, non-invasive process that involves a minimal amount of radiation without the need for dye injection. He notes, however, that the test only assesses current calcium levels and cannot detect non-calcified soft plaque. The scan can typically be performed in most radiology facilities, and no special preparation is necessary for those solely undergoing a CAC score evaluation.
It’s crucial to understand that a zero CAC score does not equate to zero risk, especially for patients with diabetes or those who smoke, as these are additional risk factors. “It’s a useful tool when combined with other health assessments,” Dr. Segal emphasizes.
**How to Obtain the CAC Test**
Individuals interested in acquiring a CAC score should begin by consulting a cardiologist. Dr. Segal suggests that those between the ages of 40 and 70 with risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or a family history of heart disease should consider getting the scan. Dr. Serwer advises discussing personal risk with a primary care provider to determine the test’s appropriateness.
Currently, there are no standardized guidelines governing the frequency of repeat testing. Some insurance plans categorize this test as elective or investigational, which could affect coverage. Moreover, Medicare does not cover the cost of the CAC test for asymptomatic individuals for risk stratification purposes.
Melissa Rudy serves as the senior health editor for Fox News Digital and is part of the lifestyle team. Story tips can be directed to [email protected].
